The park was created as part of the Brazilian national parks system in 2001. It is administered by the Chico Mendes Institue for Biodiversity Conservation (CMBio).

The park was created in response to the wholesale destruction of rainforest in the state of Rondônia where illegal "cattle rangers" have been cutting down the rainforests to steal the lands. "Ranchers" murdered indigenous people in order to steal their lands. The park is an effort to preserve some of the remaining rainforest for wildlife habitat.

The park is low-lying jungle. Altitudes in the park range from 140 to 525 meters.

The park is biodiverse with more than 1,000 plant species, more than 250 bird species, over 50 reptile species (including 2 species of crocodile and numerous snakes), and over 40 amphibians.

Mammals include many types of monkeys including brown-mantled tamarin, spider monkeys, squirrel monkeys, the red howler monkey, and the tufted capuchin. Cats include jaguars, margays, and pumas. Other mammals include the giant anteater, giant otter, peccaries, brockets, agouti, and the Neotropical pygmy squirrel.

The park is warm and moist. It gets 1,500 millimeters of rainfall annually and temperatures range from 18 to 32 degrees Celsius.