Sheberghan is the capital of Jowzjan Province in Afghanistan. It is in the region historically known as Bactria.

The village of Tilia Tepe about 5 km north of town is an important archaeological site; royal burial mounds there yielded over 20,000 golden artifacts believed to be from the 1st century BCE.

Sherberghan is on an ancient trade route, part of the Silk Road, connecting Balkh and Herat.

Today, there is a highway, part of an Afghan ring road that connects the country's four largest cities running from Kabul north to Mazar-e-Sharif, west to Herat, south to Kandahar and back to Kabul. Sherberghan is on the Mazar-Herat part of that road.

The city also has an airport.